Tensions between Thailand and Cambodia have escalated following a deadly border skirmish on May 28, prompting both nations to reinforce their military presence along a disputed and undemarcated section of their shared 817 km border. In response, Thailand has rejected Cambodia’s intention to bring the dispute before the International Court of Justice (ICJ), emphasizing its preference for bilateral negotiations.
Historical Context of the Dispute
The border dispute between Thailand and Cambodia centers around the Preah Vihear temple, a 900-year-old Hindu temple located atop a cliff in the Dângrêk Mountains. In 1962, the ICJ ruled that the temple belonged to Cambodia, but the surrounding area remained contested. Tensions have flared periodically, notably in 2008 and 2011, leading to military clashes and casualties on both sides.
Recent Developments and Military Buildup
The recent skirmish on May 28 resulted in the death of a Cambodian soldier, leading both countries to reinforce their military presence along the disputed border. Thailand’s military has declared readiness for a “high-level operation” to defend its sovereignty if necessary. Despite these tensions, both nations have expressed a desire to resolve the dispute peacefully.
Thailand’s Stance on ICJ Jurisdiction
Thailand has consistently maintained that it does not recognize the ICJ’s jurisdiction over the current border dispute. The Thai government argues that the 1962 ICJ ruling addressed only the temple itself and not the surrounding territory. Thailand prefers to resolve the dispute through bilateral negotiations rather than international adjudication.
Cambodia’s Move to Involve the ICJ
In contrast, Cambodia has announced plans to seek a ruling from the ICJ to resolve ongoing border disputes with Thailand, following the recent military clash. The Cambodian government believes that a definitive legal resolution is necessary to settle the protracted dispute.
Key Events in the Thailand-Cambodia Border Dispute
| Date | Event |
|---|---|
| 1962 | ICJ rules Preah Vihear temple belongs to Cambodia |
| 2008 | Tensions rise after temple is listed as UNESCO World Heritage Site |
| 2011 | ICJ reaffirms 1962 ruling; orders troop withdrawal from disputed area |
| May 28, 2025 | Deadly skirmish occurs; Cambodian soldier killed |
| June 2025 | Cambodia announces plan to take dispute to ICJ; Thailand rejects move |
Conclusion
The longstanding border dispute between Thailand and Cambodia remains unresolved, with recent events highlighting the complexities involved. While Cambodia seeks a legal resolution through the ICJ, Thailand prefers bilateral negotiations. Both nations have expressed a desire to avoid further conflict, but the path to a peaceful resolution remains uncertain.